A report by the International
Labour Organization (Profits and Poverty: The Economics of Forced Labour-ILO) on
profits earned by the industries exploiting the forced labour coming from the
poorest sections of the Indian ‘populations’.
The report says: “The annual
revenue generated by a bonded labourer working in the brick kilns of India
amounts to US$4,355. This value, when multiplied by the percentage of bonded
labourers in the brick kilns, puts the annual revenue contribution of a brick-kiln
bonded labourer to the total revenues generated by bonded labourers in South Asia at US$653.”
The report identifies some
sectors including the brick kilns as such industries earning profits from the ‘bonded
labour’. The other industries that it mentions are carpet weaving, rice and
sugar cane industries.
In economically poorer regions
with high unemployment, the standalone or small brick kiln operations do not
operate on bonded labour but the condition is different for the larger players
operating a number of kilns over a large geographical area requiring the
manpower on absolutely low or almost non-existential wages or for the brick
kilns operating in areas with short supply of manpower.
The forced migration of the
labour due to poverty helps them in keeping their manpower in a consistent
supply mode, in the ‘bonded labour’ conditions, where they extract the output mercilessly,
even from the children.
Just a quick Google search with
tags ‘bonded labour + brick kilns + India’ returns with a number of reports
from credible research works and media outfits, right from the page-1, supporting
the findings in the ILO report:
Profits and Poverty: The
Economics of Forced Labour – ILO – May 20, 2014 (The one that pushed to do this
exercise.)
17 bonded labourers, their
kids rescued from brick kiln - TNN Times News Network - May 9, 2014
Bonded labourers rescued from
brick kiln – Times News Network - February 12, 2014
Why India's brick kiln workers 'live
like slaves' – BBC – January 2, 2014
Slave labour in Indian brick
kilns – Union Solidarity International – October 9, 2013
No Bonded Labour anymore? Really?
– ActionAid - May 16, 2013
A smart way to prevent bonded
labour – ILO - May 3, 2013
Toddlers freed from brick kiln
bondage – CNN – March 20, 2013
Bonded labour: Brick kilns
biggest culprits, says report - Hindustan
Times - September 8, 2012
Bonded Labour in India: Its
Incidence and Pattern – ILO – 2005
And there are really too many,
crying out loud, but not able to make much difference. The misery continues.
The brick kiln workers in ‘bonded
conditions’ are taken in as faceless identities and they never know when they
would get out. And most of them never realize the meaning of words or phrases
like ‘freedom’, ‘bonded labour’, ‘slavery’, ‘labour laws’ or for that matter, ‘human
rights’.